Fluke 434-II

How do you use the data from an energy survey to show how much money you could be losing? Up until now, an energy survey would take the data downloaded from an analyser and a report is produced to show where there may be issues, along with some suggestions for remedial maintenance, however how do you justify the cost?

Unified Power Measurement Quantifies Cost of Energy Loss
With the New Fluke 434-II power quality analyser, you not only know where your system is a problem, but you can also see a clear cost related to each area of poor power quality. The Fluke patented algorithm, Unified Power Measurement, measures and quantifies energy losses due to harmonics and unbalance issues. The calculations made by UPM to quantify the cost are computed along with other facility specific information, by an Energy Loss Calculator that ultimately determines how much money a facility loses due to wasted energy.

Up to four different tariff rates can be entered, with set times that the particular rate applies, which allows you to accurately calculate energy loss in total, even when different tariffs kick in. With this information, you can present a report to your client that will show exactly how much money they are losing as a result of power quality issues, which in turn will help them to decide where to make improvements. Various currencies are available including GBP, EUR & Dollars.

Energy Savings
Traditionally energy savings are made by targeting and monitoring the major loads in a facility and optimising their operation. In this scenario the cost of poor power quality can only be quantified in terms of downtime caused by production loss or damage to electrical equipment. With UPM you can now go beyond this and calculate energy waste from poor power quality issues, with a clear indication as to how much money is being wasted.

Unbalance
With a more comprehensive breakdown of energy consumed, UPM measures the energy waste caused by unbalance, in addition to measuring reactive power. Correcting unbalance issues will nto only save you money, but will also help to counteract motor failure and prolong equipment life.

Harmonics
UPM will give you details of wasted energy due to harmonic problems. Harmonics can cause many problems, including overheating transformers, nuisance tripping of circuit breakers and early failures of electrical equipment. With UPM you can quantify the cost of wasted energy due to harmonics, thus simplifying the decision to install harmonic filters by justifying the cost of doing so.

Solar Installation Checking
Solar panels are fast becoming popular, with more people opting for this energy saving option. The Fluke 435 features the ability to measure AC output and DC input power simultaneously, enabling you to monitor the efficiency of solar installation systems.

Energy Loss Calculator
Classic active and reactive power measurements, unbalance and harmonic power are quantified to pinpoint true system energy losses in sterling, dollars, euros and other currencies.

Power Inverter Efficiency
Simultaneously measure AC output power and DC input power for power electronics systems using the optional DC clamp.

Mains Signalling
Measures interference from ripple control signals at specific frequencies.

Troubleshoot real-time
Analyse the trends using cursors and zoom tools.

Highest Safety Rating in the Industry
600V CAT IV / 1000V CAT III rated for use at the service entrance.

Measure all Three Phases and Neutral
Four flexible current probes, with enhanced thin flex design, are included and designed to fit into the tightest places.

Automatic Trending
Every measurement is always automatically recorded, without any setup.

System-Monitor
Ten power quality parameters on one screen according to EN50160 power quality standard.

Logger Function
Configure for any test condition, with memory for up to 600 parameters at user defined intervals.

View Graphs & Generate Reports
Analysis software is included for creation of survey reports.

Battery Life
7 hours operating time per charge with included Li-Ion battery pack.

Input Characteristics

Number of Inputs:
4 (3 Phase + neutral) dc-coupled

Maximum Input Voltage:
1000 Vrms

Nominal Voltage Range:
Selectable 1V to 1000V

Max. Peak Measurement Voltage:
6 kV (transient mode only)

Input Impedance: 4 MΩ / 5pF

Bandwidth:
> 10kHz, up to 100 kHz for transient mode

Scaling:
1:1, 10:1, 100:1, 1,000:1, 10,000:1 and variable

Current Input

Number of Inputs: 4 (3 phase + neutral) dc- or ac-coupled

Type:
clamp or current transformer with mV output or i430flex-TF

Range:
0.5 Arms to 600 Arms with included i430flex-TF (with sensitivity 10x)
5 Arms to 6000 Arms with included i430flex-TF (with sensitivity 1x)
0.1 mV/A to 1 V/A and custom for use with optional ac or dc clamps

Input Impedance
1MΩ

Bandwidth
> 10 kHz

Scaling
1:1, 10:1, 100:1, 1,000:1, 10,000:1 and variable

Sampling System

Resolution
16 bit analog to digital converter on 8 channels

Maximum Sampling Speed
200 kS/s on each channel simultaneously

RMS Sampling
5000 samples on 10/12 cycles according to IEC1000-4-30

PLL Synchronisation
4096 samples on 10/12 cycles according to IEC61000-4-7

Nominal Frequency
434-II: 50Hz and 60Hz

Display Modes

Waveform Display
Available in all modes via SCOPE key
Update rate 5x per second
Displays 4 cycles of waveform data on screen, up to 4 waveforms simultaneously

Phasor Diagram
Available in all modes via Scope waveform display
Default view for Unbalance

Meter Readings
Available in all modes except Monitor and Transients, provides tabulated view of all available readings
Fully customisable up to 150 readings for Logger mode

Trend Graph
Available in all modes except transients
Single vertical cursor with min, max and avg reading at cursor position

Bar Graph
Available in Monitor & Harmonics mode

Event List
Available in all modes
Provides 50 / 60** cycles of waveform information & associated 1/2 cycle rms values for Volts and Amps
**50Hz / 60Hz nominal frequency according to IEC 61000-4-30

Measurement Modes

Scope
4 voltage waveforms, 4 current waveforms, Vrms, Vfund, Arms, A fund, V @ cursor, A @ cursor, phase angles

Volts / Amps / Hertz
Vrms phase to phase, Vrms phase to neutral, Vpeak, V Crest Factor, Arms, Apeak, A Crest Factor Hz

Dips & Swells
Vrms 1/2, Arms 1/2, Pinst with programmable threshold levels for event detection

Harmonics dc, 1 to 50, up to 9th harmonic for 400Hz
Harmonics Volts, THD, Harmonic Amps, K Factor Amps, Harmonic Watts, THD Watts, K Factor Watts, Interharmonic Volts, Interharmonic Amps, Vrms, Arms (relative to fundamental or to total rms)

Power & Energy
Vrms, Arms, Wfull, Wfund, VAfull, VAfund, VAharmonics, VAunbalance, var, PF, DPF, CosQ, Efficiency Factor, Neutral, Loss Cost (based upon user defined cost / kWh)

Energy Loss Calculator
Wfund, VAharmonics, VAunbalance, var, A, Loss Active, Loss Reactive, Loss Harmonics, Loss Unbalance, Loss Wforward, Loss Wreverse

Inverter Efficiency (requires optional DC clamp)
Wfull, Wfund, Wdc, Efficiency, Vdc, Adc, Vrms, Arms, Hz

Unbalance
Vneg%, Vzero%, Aneg%, Azero%, Vfund, Afund, V Phase Angles, A Phase Angles

Inrush
Inrush current, inrush duration, Arms 1/2, Vrms 1/2

Monitor
Vrms, Arms, harmonic Volts, THD Volts, PLT, Vrms 1/2, Arms 1/2, Hz, dips, swells, interruptions, rapid voltage changes, unbalance and mains signalling.
All parameters are measured simultaneously in accordance with EN50160
Flagging is applied according to IEC6100-4-30 to indicate unreliable readings due to dips or swells

Logger
Custom selection of up to 150 PQ parameters measured simultaneously on 4 phases

Volts

Vrms (ac + dc)
1V to 1000V phase to neutral
Resolution: 0.01V
Accuracy: +/- 0.5% of nominal voltage

Vpk
1Vpk to 1400 Vpk
Resolution: 1V
Accuracy: 5% of nominal voltage

Voltage Crest Factor (CF)
1.0 > 2.8
Resolution: 0.01
Accuracy: +/- 5%

Vrms 1/2
1V to 1000V Phase to Neutral
Resolution: 0.1V
Accuracy: +/- 1% of nominal voltage

Vfund
1V to 1000V phase to neutral
Resolution: 0.1V
Accuracy: +/- 0.5% of nominal voltage

Amps (accuracy excluding clamp accuracy)

Amps (ac+dc)

i430-Flex 1x
5A to 6000A
Resolution: 1A
Accuracy +/- 0.5% +/- 5 counts

i430-Flex 10x
0.5A to 600A
Resolution: 0.1A
Accuracy: +/- 0.5% +/- 5 counts

1mV/A 1x
5A to 1000A
Resolution: 1A
Accuracy: +/- 0.5% +/- 5 counts

1mV/A 10x
0.5A to 200A (ac only)
Resolution: 0.1A
Accuracy: +/- 0.5% +/- 5 counts

Apk

i430-Flex
8400 Apk
Resolution: 1 Arms
Accuracy: +/- 5%

1mV/A
5500 Apk
Resolution: 1 Arms
Accuracy: +/- 5%

A Crest Factor
1 to 10
Resolution: 0.01
Accuracy: +/- 5%

Amps 1/2
i430-Flex 1x
5A to 6000A
Resolution: 1A
Accuracy: +/- 1% +/- 10 counts

i430-Flex 10x
0.5A to 600A
Resolution: 0.1A
Accuracy: +/- 1% +/- 10 counts

1mV/A 1x
5A to 1000A
Resolution: 1A
Accuracy: +/- 1% +/- 10 counts

1mV/A 10x
0.5A to 200A (ac only)
Resolution: 0.1A
Accuracy: +/- 1% +/- 10 counts

Afund

i430-Flex 1x
5A to 6000A
Resolution: 1A
Accuracy +/- 0.5% +/- 5 counts

i430-Flex 10x
0.5A to 600A
Resolution: 0.1A
Accuracy: +/- 0.5% +/- 5 counts

1mV/A 1x
5A to 1000A
Resolution: 1A
Accuracy: +/- 0.5% +/- 5 counts

1mV/A 10x
0.5A to 200A (ac only)
Resolution: 0.1A
Accuracy: +/- 0.5% +/- 5 counts

Frequency

50Hz Nominal
42.500 Hz to 57.500 Hz
Resolution: 0.001 Hz
Accuracy: +/- 0.01 Hz

60Hz Nominal
51.000 Hz to 69.000 Hz
Resolution: 0.001 Hz
Accuracy: +/- 0.01 Hz

Power

Watts (Va, var)

i430-Flex
Max 6000 MW
Resolution: 0.1W to 1MW
Accuracy: +/- 1% +/- 10 counts

1 mV/A
Max 2000MW
Resolution: 0.1W to 1MW
Accuracy: +/- 1% +/- 10 counts

Power Factor (Cos j/DPF)
0 to 1
Resolution: 0.001
Accuracy: +/- 0.1% @ nominal load conditions

Energy

kWh (kVAh, kvarh)
i430-Flex 10x
Measurement range dependant upon clamp scaling & V nominal
Accuracy: +/- 1% +/- 10 counts

Energy Loss
i430-Flex 10x
Measurement range dependant upon clamp scaling & V nominal
Accuracy: +/- 1% +/- 10 counts, exclusing line resistance accuracy

Harmonics

Harmonic order (n)
DC, 1 to 50 Grouping: Harmonic groups according to IEC 61000-4-7

Inter-harmonic order (n)
OFF, 1 to 50 Grouping: Harmonic and Interharmonic subgroups according to IEC 61000-4-7

Volts

%f
0.0% to 100%
Resolution: 0.1%
Accuracy: +/- 0.1% +/- n x 0.1%

%r
0.0% to 100%
Resolution: 0.1%
Accuracy: +/- 0.1% +/- n x 0.4%

Absolute
0.0 to 1000V
Resolution: 0.1V
Accuracy: +/- 5%

THD
0.0% to 100%
Resolution: 0.1%
Accuracy: +/- 2.5%

Amps

%f
0.0% to 100%
Resolution: 0.1%
Accuracy: +/- 0.1% +/- n x 0.1%

%r
0.0% to 100%
Resolution: 0.1%
Accuracy: +/- 0.1% +/- n x 0.4%

Absolute
0.0 to 1000V
Resolution: 0.1V
Accuracy: +/- 5% + 5 counts

THD
0.0% to 100%
Resolution: 0.1%
Accuracy: +/- 2.5%

Watts

%f or %r
0.0% to 100%
Resolution: 0.1%
Accuracy: +/- n x 2%

Absolute
Measurement range depends on clamp scaling & V nominal
Accuracy: +/- 5% +/- n x 2% +/- 10 counts

Phase Angle
-360° to +0°
Resolution: 1°
Accuracy: +/- n x 1°

Unbalance

Volts
0.0% to 20.0%
Resolution: 0.1%
Accuracy: +/- 0.1%

Amps
0.0% to 20.0%
Resolution: 0.1%
Accuracy: +/- 1%

Trend Recording

Method
Automatically records min, max and average values over time for all readings being displayed for the three phases and neutral simultaneously.

Sampling
5 readings/s continuous sampling per channel, 100 / 120 readings/s for 1/2 cycle values and Pinst

Recording Time
1 Hr up to 1 year, user selectable (default setting 7 days)

Averaging Time
0.25s to 2 hr, user selectable (default 1s) 10 minutes when using Monitor mode

Memory
Data is stored on SDcard (8GB included, 32GB max)

Events
Tabulated in event list

Measurement Method

Vrms / Arms
10/12 cycle contiguous non-overlapping intervals using 500/4162 samples per cycle in accordance with IEC 61000-4-30

Vpeak / Apeak
Absolute highest sample value within 10/12 cycle interval with 40 μs sample resolution

V Crest Factor
Measures ratio between the Vpeak and Vrms

A Crest Factor
Measures ratio between the Apeak and Arms

Hz
Measured every 10 sec in accordance with IEC61000-4-30. Vrms½, Arms½ Value is measured over 1 cycle, commencing at a fundamental zero crossing, and refreshed each half-cycle. This technique is independent for each channel in accordance with IEC 61000-4-30.

Harmonics
Calculated from 10/12-cycle gapless harmonic group measurements on Voltage and Amps according to IEC 61000-4-7

Watt
Full and fundamental real power display. Calculates average value of instantaneous power over 10/12 cycle period for each phase. Total Active Power PT = P1 + P2 + P3.

VA
Full and fundamental apparent power display. Calculates apparent power using Vrms x Arms value over 10/12 cycle period.

var
Fundamental reactive power display. Calculates reactive power on fundamental positive sequence components. Capacitive and inductive load is indicated with capacitor and inductor icons.

VA Harmonics
Total disturbance power due to harmonics. Calculated for each phase and for total system based upon total apparent power and fundamental real power.

VA Unbalance
Unbalance power for total sytem. Calculated using symmetrical components method for fundamental apparent power and total apparent power.

Power Factor
Calculated total watt/VA

Cos
Cosine of angle between fundamental voltage and current

DPF
Calculated fundamental Watt/VA

Energy / Energy Cost
Power values are accumulated over time for kWh values. Energy cost is calculated from user defined /kWh cost variable

Unbalance
The supply voltage unbalance is evaluated using the method of symmetrical components according to IEC61000-4-30

Flicker
According to IEC 61000-4-15 flickermeter—functional and design specification. Includes 230 V 50 Hz lamp and 120 V 60 Hz lamp models.

Transient Capture
Captures waveform triggered on signal envelope. Additionally triggers on dips, swells, interruptions and Amps level

Inrush Current
The inrush current begins when the Arms half cycle rises above the inrush threshold, and ends when the Arms half cycle rms is equal to or below the inrush threshold minus a user-selected hysteresis value. The measurement is the square root of the mean of the squared Arms half cycle values measured during the inrush duration. Each half-cycle interval is contiguous and non-overlapping as recommended by IEC 61000-4-30. Markers indicate inrush duration. Cursors allow measurement of peak Arms half cycle.

Mains Signaling
Measurements are based on: either the corresponding 10/12-cycle rms value interharmonic bin or the rms of the four nearest 10/12-cycle rms value interharmonic bins per IEC 61000-4-30. Limit setup for Monitor mode follows EN50160 standard limits.

Time Synchronisation
Optional GPS430-II timesync module provides time uncertainty ≤ 20 ms or ≤ 16.7 ms for time tagging of events and time aggregated measurements. When synchronization is not available, time tolerance is ≤ 1-s/24h

Wiring Configurations

1Ø + Neutral
Single phase with neutral

1Ø SPLIT PHASE
Split Phase

1Ø IT NO NEUTRAL
Single phase system with two phase voltages without neutral

3Ø WYE
Three phase four wire system WYE

3Ø DELTA
Three phase three wire system Delta

3Ø IT
Three phase system without neutral WYE

3Ø HIGH LEG
Four wire three phase Delta system with center tapped high leg

3Ø OPEN LEG
Open delta three wire system with 2 transformer windings

2-ELEMENT
Three phase three wire system without current sensor on phase L2/B (2 watt meter method)

2 1/2 ELEMENT
Three phase four wire system without voltage sensor on phase L2/B

INVERTER EFFICIENCY
dc voltage and current input with ac output power (automatically displayed and selected in Inverter Efficiency mode)

General Specifications

Case
Design Rugged, shock proof with integrated protective holster
Drip and dust proof IP51 according to IEC60529 when used in tilt stand position
Shock and vibration Shock 30 g, vibration: 3 g sinusoid, random 0.03 g2/Hz according to MIL-PRF-28800F Class 2

Display
Brightness: 200 cd/m2 typ. using power adapter, 90 cd/m2 typical using battery power
Size: 127 mm x 88 mm (153 mm/6.0 in diagonal) LCD
Resolution: 320 x 240 pixels
Contrast and brightness: user-adjustable, temperature compensated

Memory
8GB SD card (SDHC compliant, FAT32 formatted) standard, upto 32GB optionally
Screen save and multiple data memories for storing data including recordings (dependent on memory size)

Real-Time Clock
Time and date stamp for Trend mode, Transient display, System Monitor and event capture

Environmental

Operating Temperature
0 °C ~ +40 °C; +40 °C ~ +50 °C excl. battery

Storage Temperature
-20 °C ~ +60 °C

Humidity
+10 °C ~ +30 °C: 95 % RH non-condensing
+30 °C ~ +40 °C: 75 % RH non-condensing
+40 °C ~ +50 °C: 45 % RH non-condensing

Maximum Operating Altitude
Up to 2,000 m (6666 ft) for CAT IV 600 V, CAT III 1000 V
Up to 3,000 m (10,000 ft) for CAT III 600 V, CAT II 1000 V
Maximum storage altitude 12 km (40,000 ft)

Electro-Magnetic-Compatibility (EMC)
EN 61326 (2005-12) for emission and immunity

Interfaces
mini-USB-B, Isolated USB port for PC connectivity
SD card slot accessible behind instrument battery

Warranty
Three years (parts and labor) on main instrument, one year on accessories

Fluke 434-II Power & Energy Analyser

TL430 Test Leads with Alligator Clips

4 x i430Flex-TF, 24" (61cm) length 6000A Flex CTs

BC430 Power Adaptor

International Plug Adaptor Set

BP290 (Single Capacity Li-Ion Battery), 7 hours continuous life

WC100 Colour Coding Clips & Regional Decals

8GB SD Card

PowerLog Software on CD ROM

USB Cable A-B Mini

C1740 Soft Carry Case

Printed Instruction Manual

Calibration Certificate

Click on a link below view the application notes in pdf format.

Case Study - 5th Harmonic Resonance

Analysing On-site Electrical Problems

Troubleshooting Three Phase Power

Cutting costs with energy auditing

Troubleshooting Drive, Motor or Load

Load Surveys Help Save Energy

Why Low Cost Drives can be an Expensive Alternative

Making watt-hour measurements with Fluke Power Quality Analysers

Reducing Downtime with Effective Power Analysis

Sensitive Electronics Require Stable, Clean Power

Taming the Variable Speed Motor

The Costs of Poor Power Quality

Power Quality Troubleshooting at the Service Panel

Troubleshooting Power Harmonics

The Class A Standard for Power Quality

The Fluke 430 Series & EN50160

The Fluke 430 Series - Uses For Electricians